Tobacco Documents Online

Breathless British psychologist Hans Ey~enck, 6~, does not know when to quit. His outspo- ken insistence that race and intelligence are genetically related has been ~dely and sometimes rudely disputed. He was once physically assaulted by.two dozen members of an audience at the London School of Economics before he had ut- tered a word of his scheduled lecture. Now Eysenck is causing another stir. In his latest book, The Causes and E.g'ecLs of Smoking, he claims that there is no proof that smoking causes cancer, and that studies demonstrating such a connection are "grievously, mathemat- ically faulty." -- " True to bJs long-held belief that in- telligence, talent, and just about every- thing else are inhe .rited, Eysenck argues Epitaph Harold Uroy, who won the 1934 No- bel Pri~ in chemistry for his discov- ery of deute, rium, or heavy hydrogen (which was used in developing the. atomic bomb), d~ed in January'of heart disease in La.Jolla, California. Hewas87. " " " - Urey's achievements extended far beyond the'world of chemistry. His theories on thh geology of the moon spurred tlie" study of modern lunar science. In.a famous experiment, he and a graduate student shot electri- "cal sparks th~otigh'.a" chemical mix- ture that w~ designed to represent the earth's p÷iniordial atmosphere. The reaction produced four amino acids--the chemical building blocks of life--and suggested how life on earth may have begun. Urey, who was born in Walkerton, Indiana, received university degrees in zoology, and physical and math- ematical chemis,t~y, then studied under the great physicist Niels Bohr. Later, he joined the Manhattan Pro- iect, and taught at Johns Hopkins, Columbia, the University of Chica- go, and the University of California at San Diego. A heterodox political activist, Urey was an ardent oppo- nent of Stalinism, McCarthyism, and nuclear arms proliferation. Above all, he was a man of lim- itless enthusiasm. Says former stu- dent Gerald Wasserburg, a geology professor at Caltech, "He applied all scientific disciplines to solve prob- lems that had broad significance. He used to say, 'There are lots of smart ~eople around, but I pick the most important problems.' " that. certah~ types of personalities may reflect a genetic predisposition to lung cancer whether they smoke or not. These people tend to be socially active and extroverteck Says he, "We found a high correlation between [that kind of] personality and cancer." Eysenck's theories have been greeted with astonishment by the British med- ical world. One Oxford University can- cer expert charged that Eysenck inex- " " ensably "ignores the evidence end - with 11 other Nobel 1;~ureates to see Pope John Paul in Rome. "I didn't know what to expect," she says, "but I thought that if any jo'~nt stand was to be taken by the scientists and the Chris- tian bAerarchy, I wanted to be there" • to hearit." -: . The 90-minute confrb~tati~n began with a statement by the Pope reiterat- ing his familiar criticism that certain applications 'of science, notably genetic engineering and most birth control techniques, "are u_nfortunatel~ grow-" ing daily more grave," In turn, the No-. belists read a declaration that only sci: ence and technology can p~event a disastrous population explosion and help cur.e disease. They argued furth6r.~: Eysenck in London .-:": :: ": • "- : . that genetic engineering-is a part{cu-:" ~' .r":! :.-.:':..- " -,: "::~:"~:'::.~'.: :: .~'":-'~i.: l~riy powerful tool becaus~ it le .a~s.'.tp misrepresents facts. ' Some doctor~ no~-~, the.production of things like hum~i." i~:.: ... ed ~hat~yzenck has received about a : sulin and interferon.::.:. :: .:..:.:~-'..':; ~. quarter of a million dollars in research:::" AS th~ only wom~n in. :th~ grdup~ . grants from the British and Americafl ~!Yalow; an .outspoken. advocate fo,r, re:'= :. A~bacco industries over the past teri :" male~ihn~tists, felt ~ bit left Out, years. Eysenck acknowledges receiving :" spe~l~~ed the word gentlemen three the grants, but dismisses criticism that ::.times;" ~h~ recalls, ignoring for the. his work is nothing but puffer~ for the . merit t.he fact that she herself uses such "tobacco companies.. "It's not unexpect- phrases as "brotherhood of man." But, ed," he says. "The Establishment will she adds, the Pope's comments "gave defend its own kind. They tend to ~tick me the opportunity ~ say that not all to their own theories and ignore the. scientistsaregentlemen." [] anomalies in their work."... Yalow and company in Rome Eysenck himself has no't: smoked a cigarette in 25 years--but not. because of concern about cancer. "Smoldng interfered with my tennis," he ex- plains. "I found that I was getting breathless." DISCOVER / MADCH 1981 Pilgrim's Progress "Religion and science are completely unrelated," says ~lyn Yalo~, winner of the 197"/ Nobel Prize in medicine. "Science represents to me the interna- tional brotherhood of man, and in that sense is independent of any particular religious experience-" . " . Despite her sentiments, Yalow, un- der the auspices of Nova Spes (new hope), a hhmanist organization, tried to bridge the gap that she perceives between these two cultures by going 18 78 Ti04231083

The smoking and anti-smoking propaganda war continues By lan Steele If smoking is not yet unfashion- able, it has clearly become less fashionable in modern indus- trialized societies like the United States, Canada, Australia, and Sweden where non-smokers are now in the majority and one thinks twice about lighting up in public. But in the low-income develop- ing countries of the Third World, where cigarette producers con- tinue to suggest that within every packet there's a new car, motor- cycle, or gorgeous individual struggling to get out, the news has not yet broken. Lifestyle advertising is flourish- ing in the press, on radio, public billboards, in movie theares, and on television. And for the most part it is unencumbered by legisla- tion or the health warnings de- manded of the transnational pro- ducers on packs sold in their home countries. More smoke than growth In Malaysia, tobacco products. accou.n.t for about 9°70 of national advertising expenditure and con- sumption is growing at about 7°7/0 a year--4.4% a year faster than the population growth. Eight mil- lion or so Malaysians over the age of 15 smoked an average of 2,000 cigarettes last year. in 1980, the World Health Or- ganization of the United Nations declared smoking to be a "man- made epidemic," launched a Smoking or Health'?. campaign, and urged all 154 UN member states to take a closer look at the cost and effect of smoking on public health. It has just released the follow- ing breakdown'of some of the na- tional responses, which follow. Austria. A "gentleman's agree- ment" was established between the Ministry of Health and the Worldwide reliability Four modern vessels provide fast, regularly scheduled container ser~ce from Atlantic and Gulf Coast ports to the key markets of the Mediterranean and Adriatic: "Susak" ~nd "I-Ireljin" (I0,900 dwt., 18.S krlots, 574 TEU each); "Jadran Express" (15,000 dwt., 19 k/acts, 900 T:EU); and "RJ.jek~ :Express" (10,600 dwt., 19 knots, 1,000 TEU). JUGOLINIJA One of the world% most experienced cargo fleets GENEIK&L AGENTS: Crossocean Shipping Co., Inc. One World Trade Center - Suite 2045 New York, N.Y. 10048 (212)482-116011170 Chicago: (312)341-089.2 Boston: (617)888-0400 Philadelphia: (9.15)028-187.3 Baltimore: (301)547- I@00 Norfolk: (804) 622-9438 Charleston: (808)557-7880 Savannah: (912)282-8151 New Orleans: (504)59.4-0701 Houston: (718)228-8661 TOBACCO INTERNATIONAL--25 TI04231084

tobacco companies, whereby the nicotine and tar content of cigarettes must be indicated on packages. Tobacco advertising on radio and television has been prohibited by law; and tobacco advertising in the media, particu- larly those sections which are in- fluential with youth, has been severely restricted. Bahrain• Tobacco advertising is banned on radio and television, and smoking is prohibited in schools, clubs, and health centers, as well as at meetings held by the Minis'try of Health. Bangladesh. A national anti- smoking advisory group has been set up, which will submit a report 'to the Ministry of Health and Population Control on measures which might be taken to curb the smoking habit. Belgium. Cigarette vending ma- chines and free distribution of cigarettes have been prohibited. Health warnings must be placed on cigarette packets in French and Flemish. Advertisements have been banned on TV, radio~ and in cinemas, and in publications for children. It is forbidden for tobacco companies to organize sports events and competitions. Brazil. The tax on the sale of cigarettes is now higher than that on any other consumer product, providing 12070 of the overall fed- eral tax yield. A national anti- smoking program has been estab- lished, and smoking has been ban- ned in all offices of the health secretariat. Bulgaria. Doctors have been urged to give up smoking to set Dealers and processors ot" Burley and Dark ~AF TOBACCO ".~ M~e~ P~e~ing ~nd ~ Storage Facilltle~ an example, and smoking has been banned in areas where pregnant women ~d nursing mothers are present, as well as in airports, railway and bus stations, railway carriages, aircraft where the flight does not exceed~two hours, in rest and eating areas i~ factories, edu- cational insdtutiqns such as schools, youth hostels and youth clubs, and in restaurants, except in specially designated areas. Cameroon. The theme "Smok- ing or heath--the choice is yours" had a great impact. Prior to the campaign, even many medical staff had seemed unaware of the dangers of s~oking. Canada. Although 57% of Ca- nadians over 15 years of age do not smoke, more teenage girls are smoking. A nationwide "Weed- less Wednesday" is staged each ye~ to alert the public to the smoking hazard. Winnipeg has been chosen to host the 5th World Conference on Smoking and Health, in 1983. Ch~a. A major anti-smoking campaign has been launched, with the support of the vice-minister of public health. Denmark. The health author- ities in a circular advised the pro- vision of non-smoking rooms for patients in hospitals and forbade smoking in waiting rooms. It also recommended that health person- nd in contact with patients should not smoke. Egypt. An anti-smoking pub- licity campaign has been stepped up, to include efforts to persuade cigarette manufacturers to reduce the tar and nicotine content of their products. There is no mass media advertising of tobacco.* Federal Republic of Germany. A private health education or- ganization, the German Green Cross, distributed millions of bro- chures and thousands of displays on the theme of World Health Day. Television presented a vari- ety of programs in some of which people were invited to participate in courses to share their personal experiences and give up smoking. Finland. A comprehensive ap- proach has been adopted, involv- ing health education, legislation, and research into the effects of smoking on health. A total ban on tobacco advertising has been im- posed, and smoking has been re- stricted in public places. These measures have led to a continuing decrease in smoking among men and teenagers. Finland is now ex- periencing a demand for even more restrictions on smoking at workplaces, and initiatives are Continued on page 36 "Ads are banned on television and in movie houses, but are allowed in newspapers and magazines, though tighler restriction of them is being sought. See TOnACCO INTI=RNATIONAL. February 20, p. 10. • -<-7 Tobacco & Dart. I The Perfect Blend. l Weekly Transatlantic Service I ~: :eepXt~ °Dn~: t(~ tel oNI k~8}~'472037" 5~ 7 o ! @ICP COCOA inc. • Road Telex: 831 Coil Book: ICP Coco,', Manufacturers o! cocoa powder, cocoa bean she//powder and toasted carob powder suitable for tobacco products. We welcome and will ser- vice inquiries from anywhere in the world, 26-- MARCH 20.1981 T!04231085

PROPAGAN DA--from page 26 being developed with the trade unions. The Tobacco Act man- dates that 0.5°70 of tobacco tax revenue must be spent on anti- smoking publicity. France. A nationwide program was launched by the Ministry of Health. April 7 (World Health Day) was the day of the "petite fleur," when French people were invited to give up tobacco for 24 hours at least. Nine million special stamps with the World Health symbol were issued; a vast range of public information activities in- cluded 20 spots, 30 seconds long, on the major television networks, and one million copies of bro- chures and printed information. Greece. Smoking has been ban- ned in cinemas, theatres, hospitals and clinics, as well as on public transport. Citing WHO's cam- paign, the Ministry of Health has made it a punishable offense to smoke in all indoor public places and is leading a broad education- al campaign to further the decline of smoking. Iraq. Tobacco has been banned in schools and universities and, during working hours, in all medi- cal establishments and at meetings in state ministries. Tobacco can no longer be advertised in the press or on television, and cigarette packets must carry a health warn- ing. Action has been taken to limit, and gradually reduce, the area of land under tobacco cultivation. Ireland. The campaign against smoking has been stepped up. A cigarette packet called Conquest contains, instead of cigarettes, 30 cards on how to kick the habit; it is distributed free through chem- ists. Italy. A National Committee for the Fight Against Smoking has been set up at the. Ministry of Health. Japan. The Japan Scholars' Association on Circulatory Or- gans proclaimed 1980 the year to give up smoking. Kenya. To coincide with World Health Day, a sweeping ban was imposed on smoking on public transport and in theatres and hos- pitals. Kuwait. The first legislation against tobacco advertising has been passed. Malaysia. The country is in- creasingly concerned about smok- ing, as the annual per capita cigarette consumption for the population over 15 years of age is about 2,000 and increasing at a rate of around 7°70 annually;. money spent on advertising tobac- co is greater than for any other form of advertising, at about 9°70 of total advertising expenditure. Nethedand~ Legislative meas- ures have been taken to protect the atmosphere in. public places: smoking has been prohibited in government schools, cinemas, de- partment stores, theatres, trains, and buses. Tobacco advertising in the mass media has been banned, and an intensive campaign to dis- courage smoking is gaining momentum. New Zealand. World Health Day, designated as a smoke-free Wattenspapier day, served as a launching pad for other anti-smoking activity and was fully supported by the media. A voluntary agreement between the Ministry of Health and the tobacco companies was renego- dated, with a more strongly- worded warning notice; the inclu- sion of this warning and the tar range on advertisements; further restrictions on advertising, par- ticularly at the point of sale; and monitoring of .the agreement by the news media's Committee on Advertising Practice. Nigeria. The tobacco industry in Nigeria, although helping farm- ers by encouraging crop diversifi- cation, has launched massive mar- keting campaigns. The medical profession, however, is beginning extensive educational programs. Papua-New Guinea. The Min- istry for Health introduced legisla- tion to reduce and control tar and nicotine in cigarettes made and distributed in Papua-New Guinea. Cigarette manufacturers agreed to talks on this. Poland. The number of smokers is now roughly twice as high as in 1955, and the habit is spreading, particularly among women and young people. The World Health Day theme encour- aged measures to implement the World Health Assembly resolu- tion on smoking and health. Saudi Arabia. Tobacco adver- tising has been banned in the press, radio, and television and action is being taken to ban smok- ing in educational establishments. Smoking is prohibited in the Min- Tannpapier Manufacturers of cigarette paper, plugwrap, and tipping paper for the cigarette industry of the world ® Papierfabrik Waltens Gesellschall m.b.H. - A-6112 Watlens/Austr|a 3f--MARCH 2~, 1981 Erzeugung technischer Papiere Tann-Papier Ges.m.b.H. & Co. KG A-4050 TraunlAustria T!04231086

ism] of Health and its hospitals. Singapore. An all-out cam- paign against smoking has been mounted, linked to several dis- cases associated with lifestyle. Ad- vertising has been banned in all the media. Laws are being drawn up to prim warnings on cigarette packets. Sri Lanka. Action has been taken to ban all advertisements for smoking. Smoking in public places and transport has been for- bidden, and it is now obligatory for cigarette packets to carry a health warning. Sweden. Cigarette packs must carry one of at least 16 different v~amings to ensure that the smoker does not become accustomed to the same message. United Arab Emirates. Tobac- co advertising is banned on ha- tional radio and television and in official newspapers. Smoking is prohibited in cinemas and educa- tional establishments. Anti- smoking public information pro- grams are under way. United Kingdom. A.new volun- tary agreement has been conclud- ed between the government and the tobacco industry. Under the agreement, no advertising will be allowed for brands containing a tar yield of over 20 mg. However, this will affect only a handful of cigarette brands, and provides for a 30°70 reduction in poster ad- vertising. The Conference of Med- ical Royal Colleges has urged the government to .legislate to curb \ . advertising and'\~sponsorsh~p by cigarette companies. United States. Tl~e...re are still an estimated 350,000 ddaths a year attributed to smoking, but signifi- cant gains have been made since 1964, when 42% of U.S. adults smoked. The current rate is 34%, meaning that 30 million smokers have successfully quit and millions more have not started. However, more girls are smoking each year. The Great American Smokeout is held each year by the American Cancer Society, to help make Americans aware of smoking risks. U.S.S.R. Nationwide propa- ganda campaigns are underway. A striking success is Sotchi, a Black Sea resort, which is a non-smoking city; cigarettes are banned from beaches, restaurants, offices, and public and private transportation, as well as from schools and hospitals. lan Steele is a free-lance wri/er, living in New York. Gallaher gains ground on higher sales volume LONDON, ENGLAND--Despite an overall fall in the U.K. cigarette market last year, the Gallaher Group achieved an increased sales volume for its cigarettes, cigars and tobacco. As a result, profits for the year to December 31, 1980, were significantly ahead of figures for the previous year. Overseas, overall profits in- creased over 10%, compared with 1979. "U.K. exports made excel- lent progress," says the Group Chairman S.G. Cameron, "and subsidiaries in the Netherlands and the Republic of Ireland held their own in their-respective markets, in difficult trading condition s." Total group profit, before taxation, came to £80.8 million, a 28% increase compared with £63.2 million for the previous ORIAM TOBACCO CORP, Lea~ Tobacco Dealers 535 FIFTH AVENUE. NEWYORK. N.Y.l~17 ~bll: "ORIA~OBA~' 38-- MARCH 20,1981 year; based on total turnover of £1,835.8 million (against £] ,621.3 million last time). Net profit was £52.8 million (against £45.4 nail- lion). The Gallaher Group now claims SPRINGFIELD REDRYING CO)IPANY LEAF TOI]ACCO MERCHANTS De=ler~ All Types [,~af Tobocco---Slr~p=---~crap Spd~.~field, KT- U$.A. A.C. 606 P.O. Box 72 Telephoae 336-3959 to have become "the largest single.tobacco company in the U.K.," having overtaken the Imperial subsidiary, W.D. & H.O. Wills. Gallagher's tobacco sales were valued at £1,341.7 million, against £1,171.5 million last time. In the company's staff news- paper, it says: "In the cigarette market in particular it was an extraordinary year. The company faced an onslaught of activity by competitors, including the launch of six new brands and promotion mania." "During the year, competitors sought to lure Gallaher smokers with brands offering money-off vouchers, cameras, watches, vouchers towards bottles of whisky, poster prints, lighters, T-shirts, cash for front packs, glasses, pens and silver-plate dishers. But we defended our- selves successfully against all attacks .... "' Tt04231087